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- The Case of Murawiec and Marc Rich -
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Then, you had a great astronomer, Tycho Brahe, who also dabbled in this area, and came up with the wrong answer. Then, Kepler found the right answer. The point of this, is to illustrate, what a principle is: That means a principle in physical science; it means a principle, also, in economics.
Here's what you're looking at, in this case. Kepler discovered, that the Earth orbits the Sun, in an elliptical path, not a circular one--that's number one. Number two: As represented on this diagram, the Earth's speed, along this orbital pathway, which is more or less repeated from year to year. There are some long-term trend changes, but that, essentially is it: That, the rate of motion, along the pathway, is never uniform. It's always {non-uniform}. Therefore, any statistical interpretation of this pattern, is false.
Furthermore, the way the pattern is determined, as Kepler discovered, is, that if you draw a line--from here, follow it around--you'll define an elliptical arc, between the Sun, which occupies one of the centers of an ellipse; that, around that particular part, as opposed to the other one over here (which isn't there), that for the Earth to move through that pathway, is such that the area in the elliptical sector and the time are equal.
Now, from this, Kepler said, that Aristotle and Euclid were wrong; and that there is a hidden hand in the universe, which we don't see, called "gravitation"; and, that this gravitation is the hand of God, which determines how the universe works. It's a principle you can not see; you can not taste; you can not touch; you can not put in a box; you can't sense it; but, it's there. And, you can prove that it exists. Now, those things in physical science, those things that we can prove exist, as principles, which are efficient, but you can't see them; you can't taste them; you can't touch them, but you can prove they work, those things are called "universal physical principles."
In the case of man, as opposed to animals, man's peculiarity is, that we not only can discover and master universal physical principles, but by doing so, we increase the power of the human species {to exist}, and to improve the quality of its existence. Thus, where if you take the conditions on this planet, of the past 2 million years, only several million individuals could have lived on this planet at any one time, if they'd been apes, higher apes, or like higher apes. We have, estimated today, about 6 billion-plus people on this planet. How did we get 6 billion-odd people (and some of them are very odd), with a species, which, if it were an ape, or like an ape, could never have exceeded a population of several millions, at any time. Because, man has a quality, which is different than that of any animal, and all economics, all competent economics, is based on this conception: That man is capable of discovering, {sharing} the discovery of, and utilizing, universal physical principles, which enable mankind to increase man's power, per capita, per square kilometer, on the planet. That's how the population increase is possible.
That is the only way, that true profit, physical profit, can be generated: is by the discovery and use, in a social way as well as in an individual way, of processes, which enable mankind to increase his {physical power in and over the universe. That is the only true profit.} Therefore, when you're measuring, to go back to the other one, to go back to the Triple Curve--the idealized one--what you're seeing therefore, you have to measure the real physical value first; the physical economic input- output. That should be your primary measure of economy. And, you measure that against the total population, per capita and per square kilometer of surface area. {That is economics.} That is {physical economy}, a branch of science, first discovered over a period between 1671 and 1716, by Leibniz--called "physical economy."
Therefore, you should design the way you structure and regulate financial and monetary systems, to make sure that they reflect the real values, which are {physical} values, as opposed to financial values.
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